Weekend Thoughts - 12.5.15

Image by Matt Westgate, courtesy of Creative Commons licensing.

Image by Matt Westgate, courtesy of Creative Commons licensing.

Happy Saturday y'all! Below, I have rounded up some things for you to think about this weekend:

1. There are a lot of names being bandied about for what to name the generation of kids that follows the Millennials: Gen Z, iGen, Posts, Homeland Generation, ReGen, Plurals, etc. But MTV has proposed that we name the new generation the Founders, because while the Millennials have done an effective job of disrupting society, it is up to the new generation to rebuild it. Way to make me feel old, MTV. But I do hope that this is correct—now that we are aware that the systems in place are broken, we do need a group of people to muster up the energy to rebuild our global society. If any Founders want some help collaborating on a save-the-world project, let us Millennials know!

2. A new study found that quitting Facebook can make you happier and less depressed. The study essentially took a group of Facebook users and split them into two groups—the first group continued using the platform while the second group ceased activity on Facebook entirely. After one week, 88% of the group that left Facebook said they felt "happy" compared to 81% in the group still using the site. The first group "also felt less angry, less lonely, less depressed, more decisive, more enthusiastic, and enjoyed their lives more." Stress levels for the second group were reduced by as much as 55%. Now, keep in mind that this is just one study, but the results do indicate a trend—perhaps limiting or eliminating social media activity altogether would be wise if you are consistently feeling blue.

3. I don't fully understand this, but in case you are able to and might find it interesting, scientists have not found any evidence that we are living in a hologram. Apparently a machine called a Holometer was constructed to find holographic noise in the universe, but was unable to find any. Not to say that the lead physicist, Craig Hogan, isn't still hopeful: "This is just the beginning of the story. We've developed a new way of studying space and time that we didn't have before. We weren't even sure we could attain the sensitivity we did."

4. A Canadian man was arrested in an airport with 51 live turtles in his pants that he was intending to smuggle to China, where they are worth a considerable amount of money.

That's all for this week's edition of Weekend Thoughts. Until next week, keep thinking wilder.

This Week in Psychedelics - 12.4.15

Image by Dahtamnay, courtesy of Creative Commons licensing.

Image by Dahtamnay, courtesy of Creative Commons licensing.

Cannabis

  • Recreational Pot Will Be Legal Just About Everywhere Soon (Reason)
  • Lawmakers Question Postal Service About Marijuana Ad Threats to Newspapers (Marijuana.com)
  • The Quantified Stoner (VICE's Motherboard)
  • PTSD And Cannabis Study Seeks Veteran Participants (Reset.me)
  • Why the Mexican Supreme Court Is Only Allowing 4 People to Grow Weed (ATTN:)
  • No, The Feds Won't Pay You $3,000 Per Week to Smoke Marijuana (Marijuana.com)
  • Study: Medical Marijuana Laws Associated With Decreased Obesity (NORML)
  • A Modern Cannabis Retail Store Experience (PSFK)
  • Clinical study at CAMH tests how cannabis affects volunteers' driving skills (The Hamilton Spectator)
  • Colorado cannabis: As pot grows up, design enters the scene (The Denver Post)
  • 7 Celebrities With Their Own Line of Cannabis Products (Leafly)
  • Nebraska Sen. Tommy Garrett speaks about medical cannabis legalization (Siouxland News)
  • HARDIN: On Cannabis Consciousness (Lost Coast Outpost)
  • "This decision will save lives": Minnesota expand cannabis use to pain patients (Post-Bulletin)
  • Cannabis crop larger than a football field set on fire by Aussie police (Mashable)
  • Cannabis farms fuel human trafficking, report says (The Guardian)
  • Cannabis cafes face first-of-the year shutdown or fine (KATU)
  • 'Skunk-Like' Cannabis Associated With Brain Damage, Study Finds (Headlines & Global News)
  • Trafficking victims forced to grow high-priced UK cannabis: police (Yahoo! News)

LSD

  • LSD Microdosing: The New Job Enhancer In Silicon Valley And Beyond? (Forbes)
  • Silicon Valley tech workers take microdoses of LSD drug to improve problem-solving (International Business Times)
  • Acid Tests Turn 50: Wavy Gravy, Merry Prankster Ken Babbs Looks Back (Rolling Stone)
  • When LSD Was Mainstream (Reason)
  • Authorities Say LSD Killed A Man Cops Left Facedown And Hogtied (The Huffington Post)
  • Small Doses of LSD Can Assuage Depression and Anxiety, Say Researcher (Counsel & Heal)
  • LSD caused Goode's death, state autopsy says (The Commercial Appeal)
  • Microdosing LSD: what is it? (The Age)
  • Silicon Valley Has a Surprising New Source of Inspiration (Maxim)
  • LSD Microdosing Deserves More Serious Research (Forbes)
  • Man died of LSD toxicity after leaving Widespread Panic concert (FOX10 News)
  • Just hit tab: why Silicon Valley techies are dropping LSD at work (The Guardian)
  • John McAfee on the return of psychedelics, LSD in the work place (Yahoo! News)
  • Silicon Valley Workers Take 'Microdoses' Of LSD To Boost Productivity (Tech Times)
  • Why LSD is being used in workplaces in Silicon Valley (News.com.au)
  • Silicon Valley Executives Microdosing LSD To Improve Productivity (Breitbart News)
  • Speaking in Tech: Is the whole of Silicon Valley on LSD? (The Register)
  • Autopsy finds man died of 'LSD toxicity' in police custody (Local 8 Now)

Psilocybin/Magic Mushrooms

  • Could Psilocybin Be Used To Treat Terminally Ill Cancer Patients? (Collective Evolution)
  • What Psilocybin Mushrooms Taught Me About Death And Rebirth (Reset.me)

MDMA/Ecstasy

  • A Clinical Trial Is Exploring How MDMA Could Help People With Autism (VICE's Motherboard)
  • British Media Outlets Are Trying to Blame a Student's Suicide on an MDMA Comedown (VICE's Thump)
  • Deep Web Bot Is Buying Ecstasy Online for Art (Food World News)
  • MDMA Used in Clinical Trial To Help People With Autism (Tech Times)
  • Chris Robinson Loves Jerry Garcia, Hates MDMA, Doesn't Believe in Voice Lessons (Los Angeles Weekly)
  • Rainbow Serpent Festival wants to test ecstasy pills (The Age)
  • Teen use of ecstasy troubles OPP (Sault Star)
  • Stereosonic 2015: Woman dies after music festival at Sydney Olympic Park (The Daily Telegraph)
  • Ex-Wesleyan student Eric Lonergan pleads guilty in MDMA overdose case (New Haven Register)
  • Side Effects of Ecstasy Pill Led One Man To Experience Uncontrollable Shaking, Twitching, And Stuttering (Medical Daily)

Ayahuasca/DMT

  • First legal ayahuasca retreat to open in the U.S. (Death and Taxes)
  • New study from Beckley collaboration supports therapeutic potential of Ayahuasca by showing increased mindfulness (The Beckley Foundation)
  • Watch a Freelance Journalist Writhe Through a Powerful DMT Trip for Research (VICE's Motherboard)
  • The Mystery of DMT: A Talk with Graham St John (Reality Sandwich)
  • I Went to an Ayahuasca Divorce Ceremony (VICE's Motherboard)
  • For me, ayahuasca was as good as therapy. Here's what the science says (Global Post)

Peyote/San Pedro/Mescaline

Salvia Divinorum

  • WATCH: The Horrifying Effects of Smoking Salvia Is a Great Reason to Say No to Drugs (First to Know)

Synthetic Cannabinoids/Psychoactive Research Chemicals

  • Five soldiers discharged from army after taking psychedelic drug 'N-Bomb' (Stuff.co.nz)
  • Rise in Use of Hallucinogenic Drugs Spurs Authorities, UCSB to Warn of Risks and Ready Response (Noozhawk)
  • Five soldiers booted from army after synthetic hallucinogen binge (TVNZ)

Dissociatives

  • Ketamine, global health, and why China's push to pass international legislation will endanger millions of patients (The Huffington Post)
  • Ketamine drug abuse detected earlier with new test (Bel Marra Health)
  • Join the campaign to protect ketamine access (European Society of Anesthesiology)
  • Police arrest one for suspected PCP; officer sniffs out "wet" cigarette (The Examiner)
  • Man admits assaulting police officer while drunk and carrying ketamine at Gatwick (Crawley News)
  • Springfield man on PCP admits brandishing gun with baby in apartment, violating restraining order (MassLive)
  • Anesthesiologists Take Lead As Ketamine Clinics Proliferate (Anesthesiology News)

Opiates/Opioids

  • Study: Cannabis Improves Outcomes In Opioid-Dependent Subjects Undergoing Treatment (NORML)
  • Heroin Is Deadlier Than It Used To Be, Thanks To The War On Drugs (Forbes)
  • Heroin epidemic seizes bipartisan attention in 2016 race (Fox News)
  • Price drop for Narcan increases availability (Examiner)
  • Opium poppy farmers seek help to end dependence (Myanmar Times)
  • Memories Of A Heroin Head: "Heroin Has Given Me More Life Than It Has Taken Away" (Disinformation)
  • Country Mulls Plan for Heroin Epidemic: Give Them Heroin (Yahoo! Health)
  • From 'Mighty Opium' To Moral Crisis: Addiction As Cultural Cachet And Cautionary Tale (Cognoscenti)
  • Norway mulls medical heroin, as it grapples with Western Europe's highest overdose rate (U.S. News & World Report)
  • Naloxone to be distributed at event (York Daily Record)

Absinthe

Kratom

Kava

Khat

  • From Qat to Captagon (Reason)
  • High miraa intake lowers men's sexual performance, sperm quality - study (The Star)
  • Miraa crusader dismisses research warning on men's sexual performance (The Star)
  • Miraa consumers in Kibera refute claims of side effects (Hivisasa)
  • Khat worth €26,000 seized at Dublin airport (UTV Ireland)

Miscellaneous Psychedelics/Psychoactives/Drug Policy

  • Big Think: Rick Doblin on Making Psychedelics Legal and Mainstream (KQED)
  • People Are Taking Microdoses of Psychedelics to Perform Better At Work (NOISEPRN)
  • Psychedelic 'Antibiotic' Therapy for Mental-Micro-Organisms (Psychedelic Press UK)
  • Can testing make drugs safer for those who ignore calls not to take them? (Sydney Morning Herald)
  • Small really is beautiful: Psychedelic images show the inner workings of cells in stunning detail (Daily Mail)
  • Janis Joplin's psychedelic Porsche 356SC up for sale (The Australian)

Disclaimer: "This Week in Psychedelics" does not censor or analyze the news links presented here. The purpose of this column is solely to catalogue how psychedelics (and other psychoactives) are presented by the mass media, which includes everything from the latest scientific research to misinformation.

Weekend Thoughts - 11.28.15

Image by Benjamin Balázs, courtesy of Creative Commons licensing.

Image by Benjamin Balázs, courtesy of Creative Commons licensing.

Happy Saturday y'all! Below, I have rounded up some things for you to think about this weekend:

1. Last October, a Chicago police officer named Jason Van Dyke shot 17 year-old Laquan McDonald (who was walking the streets holding a knife and allegedly under the influence of PCP, although he did not violently engage the cop) 16 times and murdered him. The police department then proceeded to lie about it and deleted surveillance footage from a nearby business, and the murderer was kept on payroll for 400 days after the incident. The footage of the murder was released this week, and can be viewed at the aforelinked website. Naturally, Chicago has not taken too kindly to this show of unnecessary force (on a minor, no less) by one of its police officers. Yet another example of why we need to be documenting and following up on the large number of civilians murdered by police more thoroughly.

2. I consider this to be both staggering and telling: more than 1 out of 4 Americans believes the United States government to be the enemy, according to a recent poll. My personal belief is that we are all in this together, and we need to work "across the aisle", so to speak, with our perceived "enemies", rather than engaging in a war against them. We must all wake up together, or we won't be able to awaken at all.

3. George Orwell, author of many timeless classics such as 1984 and Animal Farm, held some strong opinions regarding improving one's ability to think and write. A post on High Existence explore's Orwell's ways that politicians use language to deceive us, which may forever affect the way you perceive politician's speeches. I greatly enjoyed the following list of Orwell's "Six Rules for Better Writing and Better Thinking":

  1. Never use a metaphor, simile or other figure of speech which you are used to seeing in print.
  2. Never use a long word where a short one will do.
  3. If it is possible to cut a word, always cut it out.
  4. Never use the passive where you can use the active voice.
  5. Never use a foreign phrase, a scientific word or a jargon word if you can think of an everyday English equivalent.
  6. Break any of these rules sooner than say anything outright barbarous.

That's all for this week's edition of Weekend Thoughts. Until next week, keep thinking wilder.

This Week in Psychedelics - 11.27.15

Image by Dahtamnay, courtesy of Creative Commons licensing.

Image by Dahtamnay, courtesy of Creative Commons licensing.

Cannabis

  • Medical Marijuana Supporters File Petition To Get DEA Chief Fired (ATTN:)
  • Using Marijuana During Pregnancy Does Not Make A Mother Unfit (Reason)
  • How Cannabis Can Take Your Sex Life to the Next Level (Leafly)
  • Sarah Palin Says Legal Pot Is 'Absolutely No Big Deal' (Reason)
  • Myrcene: There's More To Marijuana Than Cannabinoids (Reset.me)
  • Desperate family calls for medicinal cannabis amnesty after police come knocking (The Sydney Morning Herald)
  • Five Scientific Benefits to Smoking Marijuana on Thanksgiving (ATTN:)
  • Is Cannabis Addictive? (Leafly)
  • Why Driving While High Laws Are Very Troubling (ATTN:)
  • Alaska Regulators Propose Allowing Cannabis Cafés (Reason)
  • How California Will Legalize Pot in 2016 (Reason)
  • Golden Leaf eyes joint listing as cannabis market grows (Financial Times)
  • DHS office says no to cannabis connected food donation (KGW)
  • Mexican girl's medical cannabis win raises hope for others (Yahoo! News)
  • Cannabis Wedding Expo: Plan a weed wedding at this first-of-its-kind event (The Cannabist)
  • Will Denver Okay a Two-Year Moratorium On New Pot Businesses?: Cannabis Events (Westword)
  • Do Pot and Pregnancy Mix? (Reason)
  • 'Godmother' of cannabis meets her tech-happy children at SF pot summit (CNET)
  • Poll shows rising support for Cannabis decriminalization among Israeli college students (The Jerusalem Post)
  • Colorado Cannabis Clubs are Coming -- But How Soon? (Leafly)
  • Cannabis Coffee Makers Are Hoping to Become Bulletproof 2.0 (Bloomberg)
  • Bed heads: Colorado's Airbnb-style website for cannabis lovers (The Guardian)
  • Oregrown: A High Class Cannabis Establishment in Bend, Oregon (Marijuana Politics)
  • Clinical study at CAMH tests how cannabis affects volunteers' driving skills (The Star)
  • Colorado police officers warns of marijunana [sic] dangers (Sioux City Journal)
  • Cannabis oil use in Missouri off to slow start (KMBC)
  • Cannabis Confiscated at North Iceland Farm (Iceland Review)
  • Proof strong cannabis DOES harm your brain: Regularly smoking 'skunk' found to damage area that carries signals - and can lead to mental illness (Daily Mail)

LSD

  • How LSD Microdosing Became the Hot New Business Trip (Rolling Stone)
  • Switzerland Briefly Legalized LSD Therapy and Then Couldn't Let It Go (VICE's Motherboard)
  • Mississippi Man Died After Police Hogtied Him for More Than an Hour (ATTN:)
  • Inside the Plot to Get Every American High on Acid (The Daily Beast)
  • What Happens When Military Troops Are Given LSD? (First to Know)
  • Forget Coffee, Silicon Valley's New Productivity Hack Is 'Microdoses' of LSD (GQ)
  • 'The Sunshine Makers': Film Review (The Hollywood Reporter)
  • LSD Microdosing Is a Thing (The Interrobang)
  • A Brief History of Microdosing (VICE's Motherboard)
  • Forget Coffee, Silicon Valley's Young Professionals Turn to LSD (Social News Daily)
  • Taking LSD for breakfast 'can cure anxiety and insomnia' (Metro)
  • Ex-soldier high on LSD almost killed 3 generations of same family in car crash (Mirror)
  • Man drowns after LSD beach trip (New Zealand Herald)
  • Silicon Valley professionals are taking LSD at work to increase productivity (The Telegraph)

Psilocybin/Magic Mushrooms

  • Microdoses of LSD and mushrooms as an alternative to Adderall (or coffee!) (Boing Boing)
  • deGeneration X: Did I Just Eat Mushrooms in Indonesia (Paste Magazine)

MDMA/Ecstasy

  • How to Legally Buy a Kilo of Pure MDMA (VICE's Motherboard)
  • US Border Protection Just Seized $880,000 in MDMA (VICE's Thump)
  • This is what ecstasy looks like under a microscope (The Week)
  • This Australian Man's Testimony About The Alleged Long-Terms Effects of Ecstasy Use Is Heartbreaking (VICE's Thump)
  • How ecstasy-related deaths in Britain can be traced to illegal logging in Cambodia (The Telegraph)
  • Former bikini model walks free over ecstasy supply charges (The Courier Mail)
  • Hugging woman exposes bikini model drug dealer (9news.com.au)
  • Ecstasy pills seized at SA schoolies (The Australian)
  • Drug dealer caught with 34kg of MDMA at M6 hotel fails to get sentence cut (Express & Star)
  • College student killed himself while on massive MDMA comedown (Metro)
  • Athens man accused of ecstasy trafficking, $180K seized from Whitehall Road home, banks (Online Athens)
  • 'It all seems like fun and games and a cheap $25 pill but it's not worth it' (News.com.au)
  • Canadian Arrested While Importing Ecstasy (Windsor Square)
  • Student who took MDMA died after suffering 'suicide Tuesday' symptoms (The Times)
  • Trenton man caught eating MDMA (The Trentonian)
  • Businessman raped air stewardess he met on millionaire dating website after spiking drink with ecstasy (Mirror)
  • North Devon homeless man tried to sell ecstasy and methadrone in attempt to 'big himself up' (North Devon Journal)

Ayahuasca/DMT

  • What Ayahuasca Taught Me About Taking Care of My Health (VICE's Motherboard)
  • Exclusive Clip: Experience "Jungle Fever" From The Movie "Aya: Awakenings" (Reset.me)
  • DMT Journeys with Devin James Fry (Austin Chronicle)
  • Art of the Day: 'Plant Spirit: After Castaneda', by Merrilee Challiss (Nashville Scene)

Synthetic Cannabinoids/Psychoactive Research Chemicals

  • Meet the Godfather of the Dangerous LSD Substitute NBOMe on Today's 'Daily VICE' (VICE)
  • 13 hospitalized in San Diego after overdose of synthetic drug Spice (Los Angeles Times)
  • Man stabbed 32 times by friend high on psychedelic drug known as Mr Happy (Mirror)
  • SA man charged over 'liquid acid' (Yahoo! News)
  • Horrifying new drug made knifeman slaughter pal in desperate battle to escape dream world (Daily Star)

Dissociatives

  • Police release 911 call of a suspected PCP overdoes of 500-pound man (The Washington Post)
  • Chicago cop charged with murder in killing of black teen (CBS News)
  • Ketamine as an antidepressant (Kelowna Capital News)
  • Scuba Keeps Offering People Ketamine on Twitter (VICE's Thump)
  • Does it tell the whole story? Video recorded inside West Allis jail cell after man's arrest goes viral (Fox6 Now)
  • Ketamine and Dance Music: The Drug's Surprising Rise in Popularity (Magnetic Mag)
  • Police: Nearly 500 pound man dies after possible PCP overdose (W*USA 9)

Opiates/Opioids

  • FDA Approves Nasal Naloxone To Combat Opioid Overdosing (Hospitals & Health Networks)
  • Heroin, Survivor of War on Drugs, Returns With New Face (The New York Times)
  • America's Heroin Problem Is Helping Mexican Drug Cartels Expand (ATTN:)
  • Injection rooms for addicts to open next year in drug law change, says Minister (The Irish Times)
  • Americans' growing taste for heroin is killing thousands of people outside America (Quartz)
  • Iranian Police Seize 555 Kilograms of Opium (Tasnim News Agency)
  • Delaware's heroin babies: Starting life in withdrawal (Delaware Online)
  • Iranian Official Demands Europe's Cooperation to Curb Poppy Cultivation in Afghanistan (Fars News Agency)
  • BRIEF-Indivior says received a complete response letter from FDA on naloxone nasal spray (Reuters)
  • Thousands of drug users are rescuing each other with antidote naloxone (The Washington Post)
  • Rantz: Seattle wants to essentially legalize heroin (My Northwest)
  • Viewpoint: 'Addiction deserves all the same life-saving measures any other disease demands' (Monadnock Ledger-Transcript)
  • Activists promote opiate antidote as U.S. overdoses surge (Reuters)
  • No FDA Nod for Second Nasal Naloxone in Opioid Overdose (Medscape)

Absinthe

  • Eat. Drink. Do. Wigle Whiskey debuts Absint Minded absinthe (Next Pittsburgh)

Kratom

  • Drug task force explains reason behind pulling Kratom off Talladega County shelves (ABC 33/40)
  • Banning kratom: Wisconsin treats safe herbal supplement like a dangerous drug (Wisconsin Watchdog)
  • Will other counties in Alabama outlaw Kratom? (WIAT)
  • Bus Bound for Phuket Packed With Kratom, Alcohol and Cigarettes, say Police (Phuket Wan)
  • Sam Dunkovich: Why is Wisconsin banning natural pain relievers? (The Cap Times)

Khat

  • Man detained after Khat seizure at Dublin Airport (Breaking News)

Miscellaneous Psychedelics/Psychoactives/Drug Policy

  • Never before published photos from Psychedelic Conference II in Santa Barbara, 1983 (Boing Boing)
  • Common Sense: The Need To Improve Harm Reduction Services At Music Events (Reset.me)
  • DEA Boss Clings On Amid Campaign for His Ouster (U.S. News & World Report)
  • Cut Sentences for Low-Level Drug Crimes (The New York Times)
  • The origin story of the Timothy Leary archives (Boing Boing)
  • The stunning paradox of Iran's war on drugs: How it actually makes America look worse (Salon)
  • Psychedelic Parenting Is About More than Just Drugs (VICE's Motherboard)
  • Dream Tripping: Getting High in Deep Sleep (Psychedelic Press UK)
  • Miley Cyrus Brings Her Dead Petz for a Messy, Psychedelic Performance in Detroit: Live Review (Billboard)
  • I Tried Getting 'High' on Drugless Psychedelic Alternatives in the Suburbs (VICE's Motherboard)
  • Kalamazoo Institute of Arts explores psychedelic British and American screen prints of '60s and '70s (Michigan Live)
  • Prosthetic Penises and Spilled Milk: Miley's Psychedelic Tour Wardrobe (Moviepilot)
  • Miley Cyrus review - new psychedelic direction is a bad trip (The Guardian)
  • Turn on, tune in, drop - um - in to check out 'Strange Days' (NIU Today)
  • The Flaming Lips and Miley Cyrus Share Psychedelic, Colorful "Lighter" Video (Pitchfork)

Disclaimer: "This Week in Psychedelics" does not censor or analyze the news links presented here. The purpose of this column is solely to catalogue how psychedelics (and other psychoactives) are presented by the mass media, which includes everything from the latest scientific research to misinformation.

Book Review - The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds

TheEffectOfGammaRaysOnManInTheMoonMarigolds.jpg

This book had been on my bookshelves for several years prior to my picking it up a few days ago. I'm not quite sure how it arrived there, although I think I may have acquired it for free at a book giveaway at my alma mater's library. To be completely transparent, I was simply looking for a quick book to read and noticed that this one was short and appeared relatively interesting, so I grabbed it and flipped through it to find out it was actually a short play, and also found the text to be quite spaced out on the page—two things that encouraged my reading of it.

A bit of brief history: The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds had its world premier in the theatre in 1964 and was published in book form in 1970. It was later adapted for the screen in 1972. Its author is Paul Zindel, a playwright and science teacher from Staten Island, New York.

The plot centers around a dysfunctional family: a widow named Beatrice Hunsdorfer and her two daughters, Matilda ("Tillie") and Ruth. Throughout the play, the introverted-yet-highly-intelligent child Tillie prepares an experiment for her school's science fair involving marigolds raised from seeds exposed to varying degrees of radioactivity. However, her self-centered and abusive mother, Beatrice, continuously attempts to halt Tillie's progress due to her own self-loathing and overall abusive nature toward her children. The other daughter, Ruth, is more extroverted than Tillie but considerably mentally unstable. As the play develops, Tillie wins the science fair through perseverance, Ruth repeatedly attempts to stand up to her mother but experiences several nervous breakdowns, and Beatrice is eventually driven insane and commits several violent acts toward her family and local community. However, despite it all, Tillie continues to believe that everyone is truly valuable.

I greatly enjoyed this play—even though I don't have much experience reading plays. The story is much more character-driven than plot driven, as there isn't a whole lot going on plot-wise, but the characters are fascinating to observe. Watching Beatrice treat her daughters with such vitriol and warden-like control is difficult but it makes for an intriguing book that is difficult to put down. Zindel does an excellent job of keeping the reader in the dark about many of the plot points and character reveals, waiting until the right moment to present new information that will help to understand what is going on in the family's overall dynamic. Even though I don't typically go to the theatre, I would certainly consider seeing this play performed live, and I highly recommend giving it a read if you get a chance, as I was pleasantly surprised.

4/5 stars. 109 pages.